某(mou)縣春風學校(xiao)“智慧(hui)校(xiao)園(yuan)設備采(cai)(cai)購項(xiang)目”（以下簡稱本(ben)項(xiang)目），投資規模約2000萬元，資金來源為(wei)財政性資金，招標(biao)文件載明項(xiang)目屬(shu)性為(wei)工程類，采(cai)(cai)購方式為(wei)公(gong)(gong)開招標(biao)，評標(biao)辦法為(wei)綜(zong)合評分法，采(cai)(cai)用分散采(cai)(cai)購模式。該項(xiang)目于(yu)2018年6月15日(ri)在某(mou)縣公(gong)(gong)共資源交易中心(xin)開標(biao)，經評標(biao)委員會評審，A公(gong)(gong)司被確定為(wei)中標(biao)供應商。

6月21日，投(tou)(tou)標(biao)人(ren)B公(gong)司(si)向采購(gou)人(ren)和(he)代理公(gong)司(si)提(ti)出(chu)質疑，稱該(gai)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)評(ping)標(biao)委(wei)員會組成(cheng)人(ren)數為(wei)(wei)5人(ren)，價(jia)格(ge)分(fen)采用(yong)“取不低于平均(jun)價(jia)80%有效投(tou)(tou)標(biao)人(ren)報(bao)價(jia)的平均(jun)價(jia)作為(wei)(wei)評(ping)標(biao)基準價(jia)”，違(wei)反了政府采購(gou)法(fa)(fa)律法(fa)(fa)規強制性規定(ding)。理由(you)是(shi)：本項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)屬(shu)于政府采購(gou)貨物類項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)，采購(gou)預算(suan)金額超過1000萬元，依據《政府采購(gou)貨物和(he)服務招標(biao)投(tou)(tou)標(biao)管理辦(ban)法(fa)(fa)》（財政部令(ling)第(di)87號）第(di)二十七條和(he)第(di)五十五條之規定(ding)，評(ping)標(biao)委(wei)員會成(cheng)員應為(wei)(wei)7人(ren)以上單數，綜合評(ping)分(fen)法(fa)(fa)中(zhong)“價(jia)格(ge)分(fen)應當(dang)采用(yong)低價(jia)優先法(fa)(fa)計算(suan)，即滿足招標(biao)文件要求(qiu)且投(tou)(tou)標(biao)價(jia)格(ge)最低的投(tou)(tou)標(biao)報(bao)價(jia)為(wei)(wei)評(ping)標(biao)基準價(jia)，其價(jia)格(ge)分(fen)為(wei)(wei)滿分(fen)”。質疑人(ren)要求(qiu)修改招標(biao)文件后重(zhong)新招標(biao)。

6月(yue)28日(ri)，采(cai)(cai)購(gou)人(ren)(ren)和代理(li)機(ji)構對B公司的(de)質疑(yi)(yi)事項(xiang)進行了(le)答復，認為本項(xiang)目包(bao)括(kuo)智慧(hui)校園13個子(zi)系統及(ji)安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)等內容，依據財政部《政府(fu)采(cai)(cai)購(gou)品目分類(lei)目錄》（財庫〔2013〕189號(hao)）關于工程(cheng)、貨物和服務(wu)的(de)分類(lei)標(biao)準，本項(xiang)目屬(shu)于工程(cheng)—建筑安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)工程(cheng)—智能(neng)化安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)工程(cheng)。采(cai)(cai)購(gou)人(ren)(ren)根據工程(cheng)類(lei)項(xiang)目編(bian)制招標(biao)文(wen)件，且招標(biao)文(wen)件中規定(ding)評標(biao)委(wei)員會組成(cheng)人(ren)(ren)數為5人(ren)(ren)，價(jia)(jia)格分采(cai)(cai)用“取(qu)不低(di)于平(ping)均(jun)價(jia)(jia)80%有(you)效投標(biao)人(ren)(ren)報價(jia)(jia)的(de)平(ping)均(jun)價(jia)(jia)作為評標(biao)基(ji)準價(jia)(jia)”，符合《招標(biao)投標(biao)法》及(ji)其(qi)實施條例的(de)規定(ding)，并未違反政府(fu)采(cai)(cai)購(gou)法律法規強(qiang)制性規定(ding)，質疑(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)的(de)質疑(yi)(yi)事項(xiang)不成(cheng)立。

7月12日(ri)，B公司因對采(cai)(cai)購(gou)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)和(he)(he)(he)代(dai)理機構關于(yu)(yu)質疑的(de)答復(fu)(fu)不(bu)滿(man)意，遂向(xiang)當(dang)地(di)政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)采(cai)(cai)購(gou)監(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)部(bu)門(men)提起投(tou)訴(su)(su)。政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)采(cai)(cai)購(gou)監(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)部(bu)門(men)依據《政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)采(cai)(cai)購(gou)質疑和(he)(he)(he)投(tou)訴(su)(su)辦法(fa)》（財政(zheng)(zheng)部(bu)令(ling)第94號）向(xiang)采(cai)(cai)購(gou)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)、代(dai)理機構和(he)(he)(he)中標(biao)(biao)供應商等當(dang)事人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)發(fa)出了(le)投(tou)訴(su)(su)答復(fu)(fu)通(tong)知書(shu)及(ji)投(tou)訴(su)(su)書(shu)副本。各當(dang)事人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)進行了(le)書(shu)面(mian)答復(fu)(fu)，均(jun)認(ren)為(wei)本項(xiang)(xiang)目屬于(yu)(yu)工程類項(xiang)(xiang)目，評(ping)標(biao)(biao)委員會組成和(he)(he)(he)價格(ge)分計算方式符合(he)《招(zhao)標(biao)(biao)投(tou)標(biao)(biao)法(fa)》及(ji)其實施條例的(de)規(gui)定，未違反政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)采(cai)(cai)購(gou)法(fa)律法(fa)規(gui)強(qiang)制性規(gui)定，質疑人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)要求修改招(zhao)標(biao)(biao)文件(jian)后重新招(zhao)標(biao)(biao)的(de)訴(su)(su)求缺(que)(que)少法(fa)律依據。政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)采(cai)(cai)購(gou)監(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)部(bu)門(men)對投(tou)訴(su)(su)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)、被投(tou)訴(su)(su)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)和(he)(he)(he)相關當(dang)事人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)投(tou)訴(su)(su)材(cai)料及(ji)證據進行了(le)書(shu)面(mian)審(shen)查，并專門(men)向(xiang)上級政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)采(cai)(cai)購(gou)監(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)部(bu)門(men)進行了(le)請(qing)示(shi)。最終，政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)采(cai)(cai)購(gou)監(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)部(bu)門(men)認(ren)為(wei)，投(tou)訴(su)(su)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)投(tou)訴(su)(su)事項(xiang)(xiang)缺(que)(que)乏事實根據和(he)(he)(he)法(fa)律依據，投(tou)訴(su)(su)事項(xiang)(xiang)不(bu)成立，并于(yu)(yu)7月26日(ri)出具《投(tou)訴(su)(su)處理決定書(shu)》，駁回了(le)投(tou)訴(su)(su)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)投(tou)訴(su)(su)。

8月15日，B公(gong)司(si)(si)因對政府采購(gou)監督(du)部門《投訴(su)處理決定(ding)書》不服，又向某(mou)縣人民法院提起行政訴(su)訟(song)。10月29日，某(mou)縣人民法院作出(chu)一審判(pan)決，駁回(hui)B公(gong)司(si)(si)的訴(su)訟(song)請求。此后，B公(gong)司(si)(si)在(zai)法定(ding)上訴(su)期限內未再上訴(su)。

案例剖析

本案爭議的焦點是(shi)案涉項(xiang)目是(shi)否屬(shu)于政府(fu)采購(gou)工程類項(xiang)目，筆者下面從事實根據(ju)和(he)法律依據(ju)兩個方(fang)面進行分析。

依據工程項目的(de)(de)通(tong)常分(fen)類，建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑安裝工程是工程項目的(de)(de)分(fen)支，智(zhi)能(neng)化(hua)工程又(you)是建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑安裝工程的(de)(de)一個子分(fen)支，因而智(zhi)能(neng)化(hua)工程歸屬于工程類項目。智(zhi)能(neng)化(hua)工程通(tong)常包含門禁系(xi)(xi)統、對講系(xi)(xi)統、遠程控(kong)制系(xi)(xi)統、監控(kong)系(xi)(xi)統、網絡信息服務系(xi)(xi)統、智(zhi)能(neng)照明系(xi)(xi)統、樓(lou)宇(yu)自動化(hua)系(xi)(xi)統等。根據《建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑業(ye)(ye)(ye)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)資(zi)質管理(li)(li)規(gui)定(ding)》（住房和城鄉建(jian)(jian)(jian)設部令第22號）、《注(zhu)(zhu)冊(ce)建(jian)(jian)(jian)造師(shi)執業(ye)(ye)(ye)管理(li)(li)辦(ban)法(試行(xing)）》（建(jian)(jian)(jian)市〔2008〕48號）和《注(zhu)(zhu)冊(ce)建(jian)(jian)(jian)造師(shi)執業(ye)(ye)(ye)工程規(gui)模標準（試行(xing)）》（建(jian)(jian)(jian)市〔2007〕171號）等文件的(de)(de)規(gui)定(ding)，智(zhi)能(neng)化(hua)安裝工程項目要求施工企業(ye)(ye)(ye)應(ying)(ying)具有(you)相應(ying)(ying)等級的(de)(de)電子與智(zhi)能(neng)化(hua)工程專業(ye)(ye)(ye)承包資(zi)質及安全(quan)生產許可證，且項目經理(li)(li)（項目負責人）應(ying)(ying)具有(you)相應(ying)(ying)等級的(de)(de)機電工程專業(ye)(ye)(ye)注(zhu)(zhu)冊(ce)建(jian)(jian)(jian)造師(shi)資(zi)格。

案例中的項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)招標文件、技術規(gui)范書、工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)量清單及施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)設(she)計(ji)圖(tu)紙等資料證(zheng)實了兩點：一(yi)(yi)是項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)招標內容為(wei)某縣春風學(xue)校“智(zhi)慧校園設(she)備(bei)采購項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)”，包含13個子系統(tong)及安裝，如一(yi)(yi)卡通管理系統(tong)、智(zhi)慧圖(tu)書館系統(tong)、校園廣播系統(tong)、多(duo)媒體(ti)會(hui)議系統(tong)、云辦公系統(tong)、電(dian)子班牌(pai)系統(tong)等。二(er)(er)(er)是項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)招標公告中關(guan)于供應(ying)商資格要求(qiu)包含“投(tou)標人應(ying)具(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)電(dian)子與智(zhi)能化工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)專(zhuan)業承包二(er)(er)(er)級(ji)及以上(shang)或有(you)(you)效期(qi)內的建(jian)筑(zhu)智(zhi)能化工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)設(she)計(ji)與施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)一(yi)(yi)體(ti)化二(er)(er)(er)級(ji)及以上(shang)資質(zhi)”和“具(ju)(ju)備(bei)有(you)(you)效期(qi)內的安全(quan)(quan)生(sheng)產許可(ke)證(zheng)和項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)經理（項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)負(fu)責人）應(ying)具(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)機電(dian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)專(zhuan)業二(er)(er)(er)級(ji)及以上(shang)注冊建(jian)造師(shi)資質(zhi)，B類(lei)安全(quan)(quan)生(sheng)產考核合格證(zheng)”等內容。

據此，從(cong)本(ben)項(xiang)目招標所包含(han)的(de)(de)內容和招標公告所要求的(de)(de)投標人資質及項(xiang)目經理資格(ge)兩方面來看，案例(li)中(zhong)的(de)(de)項(xiang)目屬(shu)于工程(cheng)－建筑安裝工程(cheng)－智能化(hua)安裝工程(cheng)，具有事實根據。

《政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府采(cai)購(gou)(gou)貨物和服務招標投(tou)標管理(li)辦法(fa)(fa)》第(di)七條(tiao)規定(ding)，“采(cai)購(gou)(gou)人(ren)應當(dang)按照(zhao)財政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)部制定(ding)的(de)(de)《政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府采(cai)購(gou)(gou)品目(mu)(mu)分(fen)類(lei)(lei)目(mu)(mu)錄》確(que)(que)定(ding)采(cai)購(gou)(gou)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)屬性。按照(zhao)《政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府采(cai)購(gou)(gou)品目(mu)(mu)分(fen)類(lei)(lei)目(mu)(mu)錄》無法(fa)(fa)確(que)(que)定(ding)的(de)(de)，按照(zhao)有利(li)于采(cai)購(gou)(gou)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)實施(shi)的(de)(de)原則確(que)(que)定(ding)。”從(cong)該(gai)規定(ding)可以看出，政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府采(cai)購(gou)(gou)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)屬性的(de)(de)認(ren)定(ding)主體是采(cai)購(gou)(gou)人(ren)，認(ren)定(ding)依據是《政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府采(cai)購(gou)(gou)品目(mu)(mu)分(fen)類(lei)(lei)目(mu)(mu)錄》。按照(zhao)《政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府采(cai)購(gou)(gou)品目(mu)(mu)分(fen)類(lei)(lei)目(mu)(mu)錄》無法(fa)(fa)認(ren)定(ding)的(de)(de)，應按照(zhao)有利(li)于政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府采(cai)購(gou)(gou)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)實施(shi)的(de)(de)原則進行認(ren)定(ding)。

《政府采購品目分類(lei)目錄》將(jiang)政府采購項目分為三(san)大類(lei)：貨物(wu)(wu)、工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)和(he)服(fu)務。其中，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)類(lei)包(bao)括建筑物(wu)(wu)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、構(gou)筑物(wu)(wu)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)準備(bei)、預制構(gou)件組裝(zhuang)(zhuang)和(he)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)配、專業施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、建筑安(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、裝(zhuang)(zhuang)修工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、修繕工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)租賃和(he)其他(ta)建筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)；建筑安(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)括電子(zi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)安(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)、智能化(hua)安(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、電力系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)安(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)、供(gong)水管(guan)道工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)和(he)下水道鋪(pu)設(she)(she)(she)、供(gong)暖(nuan)設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)安(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)、通風(feng)和(he)空調設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)安(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)、燃氣設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)安(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)、大型設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)安(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)和(he)其他(ta)安(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)；智能化(hua)安(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)括樓宇設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)自控(kong)(kong)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、保(bao)安(an)(an)(an)監控(kong)(kong)和(he)防盜報警系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、智能卡系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、通信系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、衛星(xing)和(he)共用電視系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、計算機網(wang)絡系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、廣播系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、火災報警系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)和(he)其他(ta)智能化(hua)安(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。

根據《政(zheng)府(fu)采(cai)(cai)購(gou)法(fa)》第四條和《政(zheng)府(fu)采(cai)(cai)購(gou)法(fa)實施條例(li)》第七條的(de)規定，政(zheng)府(fu)采(cai)(cai)購(gou)工(gong)程項目以(yi)及與工(gong)程項目有關的(de)貨物(wu)、服務，采(cai)(cai)用招(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)標(biao)(biao)方式(shi)(shi)（公開招(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)標(biao)(biao)、邀請招(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)標(biao)(biao)），適(shi)用《招(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)標(biao)(biao)投標(biao)(biao)法(fa)》及其(qi)實施條例(li)；采(cai)(cai)用非招(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)標(biao)(biao)方式(shi)(shi)采(cai)(cai)購(gou)的(de)，適(shi)用《政(zheng)府(fu)采(cai)(cai)購(gou)法(fa)》及其(qi)實施條例(li)。

據(ju)此，采購人根據(ju)該項(xiang)目的招標內容，依據(ju)《政府采購品目分類目錄》認定(ding)本項(xiang)目的屬性為工程－建筑安裝工程－智能化(hua)安裝工程具有(you)法律依據(ju)。

通過上(shang)文(wen)對事實(shi)(shi)根據(ju)和法(fa)律依據(ju)的(de)分析，可以得出如下結論(lun)：采(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)人根據(ju)案例項目工程類的(de)屬性(xing)編制招(zhao)標(biao)(biao)文(wen)件(jian)(jian)，并(bing)在招(zhao)標(biao)(biao)文(wen)件(jian)(jian)中規(gui)定評標(biao)(biao)委員(yuan)會組(zu)成人數為5人，價格(ge)分采(cai)(cai)用(yong)“取不(bu)低于(yu)平均價80%有效投標(biao)(biao)人報價的(de)平均價作為評標(biao)(biao)基準價”，符合《招(zhao)標(biao)(biao)投標(biao)(biao)法(fa)》及其實(shi)(shi)施條(tiao)例等法(fa)律法(fa)規(gui)關于(yu)評標(biao)(biao)委員(yuan)會組(zu)成和價格(ge)分計算(suan)方式的(de)規(gui)定，并(bing)未違(wei)反政府采(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)法(fa)律法(fa)規(gui)強制性(xing)規(gui)定。

案例啟示

案(an)例中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)屬(shu)于工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)設(she)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)并采(cai)用(yong)了(le)公(gong)開(kai)(kai)招(zhao)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)方(fang)式，依據(ju)相關規定，其適用(yong)《招(zhao)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)投(tou)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)法(fa)》及其實施(shi)條(tiao)例，因而(er)應(ying)采(cai)用(yong)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)設(she)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)招(zhao)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)采(cai)購流(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)，項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)立(li)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、招(zhao)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)公(gong)告的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)布、投(tou)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)人資格的(de)(de)(de)要求、招(zhao)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)文件的(de)(de)(de)編(bian)制、評(ping)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)辦(ban)(ban)法(fa)的(de)(de)(de)設(she)定、招(zhao)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)投(tou)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)過程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)監督、中(zhong)(zhong)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)候(hou)選人的(de)(de)(de)公(gong)示、異(yi)議(yi)和投(tou)訴的(de)(de)(de)處理等(deng)均應(ying)遵守《國(guo)務院(yuan)辦(ban)(ban)公(gong)廳關于推進公(gong)共資源配置領(ling)域政府信息(xi)公(gong)開(kai)(kai)的(de)(de)(de)意見》（國(guo)辦(ban)(ban)發(fa)〔2017〕97號）、《工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)設(she)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)招(zhao)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)投(tou)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)辦(ban)(ban)法(fa)》（國(guo)家發(fa)改(gai)委(wei)(wei)等(deng)七部委(wei)(wei)令(ling)第30號）和《工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)設(she)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)招(zhao)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)投(tou)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)活動(dong)投(tou)訴處理辦(ban)(ban)法(fa)》（國(guo)家發(fa)改(gai)委(wei)(wei)等(deng)七部委(wei)(wei)令(ling)第11號）等(deng)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)設(she)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)招(zhao)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)投(tou)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)的(de)(de)(de)相關規定。

通(tong)過梳理(li)發現，案例中(zhong)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)招(zhao)(zhao)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)文件規定的(de)(de)(de)實(shi)質性(xing)內(nei)容雖然符合《招(zhao)(zhao)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)投(tou)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)法(fa)》及(ji)其實(shi)施條例等相關規定，但是(shi)招(zhao)(zhao)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)采(cai)購(gou)流(liu)程(cheng)卻直接(jie)套用了(le)《政(zheng)府采(cai)購(gou)貨物(wu)和(he)服務(wu)招(zhao)(zhao)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)投(tou)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)管理(li)辦法(fa)》的(de)(de)(de)規定，與上述工程(cheng)建設項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)招(zhao)(zhao)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)投(tou)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)的(de)(de)(de)具體規定存在沖(chong)突，招(zhao)(zhao)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)采(cai)購(gou)流(liu)程(cheng)上存在瑕(xia)疵。這也提醒行(xing)業從業人(ren)員(yuan)在政(zheng)府采(cai)購(gou)操作實(shi)務(wu)中(zhong)要特別注意(yi)不(bu)同(tong)屬性(xing)和(he)采(cai)購(gou)方(fang)(fang)(fang)式的(de)(de)(de)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)適用法(fa)律法(fa)規和(he)辦理(li)流(liu)程(cheng)不(bu)盡相同(tong)，如招(zhao)(zhao)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)方(fang)(fang)(fang)式和(he)非招(zhao)(zhao)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)方(fang)(fang)(fang)式的(de)(de)(de)工程(cheng)建設項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)不(bu)相同(tong)，招(zhao)(zhao)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)方(fang)(fang)(fang)式和(he)非招(zhao)(zhao)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)方(fang)(fang)(fang)式的(de)(de)(de)貨物(wu)和(he)服務(wu)也不(bu)相同(tong)。

古人云，“規外求(qiu)圓，無圓矣(yi)；法(fa)(fa)外求(qiu)平，無平矣(yi)。”界(jie)定政(zheng)府采購項目屬性必(bi)須(xu)要堅(jian)持合法(fa)(fa)、合理原則，減少(shao)不(bu)必(bi)要的質疑(yi)和投(tou)訴，進而提高項目實施效率。

所謂(wei)合(he)法(fa)(fa)原則，首先要依據(ju)《政(zheng)府采購(gou)法(fa)(fa)》及其實(shi)施(shi)條(tiao)例、《招標(biao)投標(biao)法(fa)(fa)》及其實(shi)施(shi)條(tiao)例進行界(jie)定。其次要依據(ju)政(zheng)府采購(gou)主管(guan)部(bu)(bu)門規章的細化規定進行界(jie)定。如《政(zheng)府采購(gou)貨(huo)物和服務招標(biao)投標(biao)管(guan)理辦法(fa)(fa)》《政(zheng)府采購(gou)非招標(biao)采購(gou)方式管(guan)理辦法(fa)(fa)》和《政(zheng)府采購(gou)品(pin)目分(fen)類目錄(lu)》等。特別(bie)是(shi)《政(zheng)府采購(gou)品(pin)目分(fen)類目錄(lu)》對政(zheng)府采購(gou)貨(huo)物、工程(cheng)、服務進行了詳(xiang)細分(fen)類，絕(jue)大部(bu)(bu)分(fen)政(zheng)府采購(gou)項目的屬性都可據(ju)此(ci)界(jie)定。

所謂合理原(yuan)則(ze)，是(shi)依據法律法規(gui)規(gui)章(zhang)及《政(zheng)府(fu)(fu)采購(gou)(gou)(gou)品目(mu)分類目(mu)錄》仍(reng)無法界(jie)(jie)定(ding)時(shi)應(ying)遵(zun)循的(de)原(yuan)則(ze)，主要(yao)是(shi)指“有利(li)于采購(gou)(gou)(gou)項(xiang)目(mu)”的(de)原(yuan)則(ze)。該原(yuan)則(ze)的(de)本質(zhi)是(shi)還權于采購(gou)(gou)(gou)人(ren)(ren)，但采購(gou)(gou)(gou)人(ren)(ren)不(bu)能任性(xing)行使此項(xiang)權利(li)，特別是(shi)在項(xiang)目(mu)本身(shen)包含工(gong)程(cheng)、貨物或服(fu)(fu)務中兩(liang)種以上屬性(xing)的(de)內容(rong)的(de)情(qing)形下，采購(gou)(gou)(gou)人(ren)(ren)要(yao)認真分析、綜合研判，不(bu)能孤(gu)立地、教(jiao)條地界(jie)(jie)定(ding)項(xiang)目(mu)的(de)屬性(xing)，否則(ze)將不(bu)利(li)于采購(gou)(gou)(gou)項(xiang)目(mu)的(de)有效實(shi)施。也就(jiu)是(shi)說，采購(gou)(gou)(gou)人(ren)(ren)既(ji)要(yao)考慮工(gong)程(cheng)、貨物和服(fu)(fu)務內容(rong)之間(jian)的(de)關(guan)聯性(xing)，也要(yao)考慮工(gong)程(cheng)、貨物和服(fu)(fu)務內容(rong)本身(shen)的(de)擴張性(xing)，只有兩(liang)者(zhe)皆顧，才(cai)能切實(shi)做好政(zheng)府(fu)(fu)采購(gou)(gou)(gou)相關(guan)工(gong)作。

 作者：儲成(cheng)鵬

 作者(zhe)單(dan)位：安(an)徽省(sheng)六安(an)市公共資源交(jiao)易(yi)監督管理局(ju)

來源：《招標采購管理》