水的(de)凍結過程(cheng)中有時會發生(sheng)一(yi)種(zhong)和直覺(jue)相違背的(de)姆潘(pan)(pan)巴(ba)現(xian)(xian)(xian)象,此(ci)現(xian)(xian)(xian)象就是(shi)有時會發生(sheng)相同質(zhi)量(liang)的(de)熱水比(bi)冷水先(xian)結冰。對此(ci)人們曾有各種(zhong)解釋,認為可能是(shi)因為水的(de)對流(liu)、雜質(zhi)、過冷卻(que)、蒸發等原因造(zao)(zao)成(cheng),也做過各種(zhong)實(shi)驗(yan),但不同情(qing)況下(xia)實(shi)驗(yan)結果(guo)并(bing)不一(yi)致(zhi)不能確定主(zhu)要是(shi)什么原因造(zao)(zao)成(cheng)了姆潘(pan)(pan)巴(ba)現(xian)(xian)(xian)象,對此(ci)現(xian)(xian)(xian)象一(yi)直沒有準確公(gong)認的(de)科學解釋。筆者(zhe)故為此(ci)根據有序的(de)組合實(shi)驗(yan)的(de)結果(guo)和已知(zhi)常識作(zuo)出一(yi)些推測,并(bing)由所(suo)(suo)作(zuo)推測而設計進(jin)一(yi)步的(de)實(shi)驗(yan)以(yi)求證實(shi)所(suo)(suo)作(zuo)推測。
首先(xian)根據采用相同(tong)(tong)密閉容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)容(rong)(rong)(rong)納相同(tong)(tong)成(cheng)分和質(zhi)量(liang)的(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)在制冷(leng)(leng)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)內可能(neng)(neng)發(fa)生(sheng)熱(re)水(shui)(shui)(shui)比(bi)冷(leng)(leng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)先(xian)結(jie)(jie)(jie)冰的(de)(de)現象(xiang)可以證明(ming)熱(re)水(shui)(shui)(shui)比(bi)冷(leng)(leng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)先(xian)結(jie)(jie)(jie)冰的(de)(de)主(zhu)要原(yuan)因(yin)不是(shi)蒸(zheng)發(fa)和雜質(zhi)所造成(cheng)。接著做一個實驗可證明(ming)熱(re)水(shui)(shui)(shui)比(bi)冷(leng)(leng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)先(xian)結(jie)(jie)(jie)冰的(de)(de)主(zhu)要原(yuan)因(yin)不是(shi)對流(liu)造成(cheng)。在兩個容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)中(zhong)分別裝(zhuang)入同(tong)(tong)等質(zhi)量(liang)的(de)(de)熱(re)水(shui)(shui)(shui)與冷(leng)(leng)水(shui)(shui)(shui),并在水(shui)(shui)(shui)中(zhong)加入等質(zhi)量(liang)的(de)(de)棉(mian)纖(xian)維使水(shui)(shui)(shui)被棉(mian)纖(xian)維約束失去(qu)流(liu)動性而不可能(neng)(neng)發(fa)生(sheng)對流(liu)。再(zai)將兩個容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)放(fang)入制冷(leng)(leng)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)內,在制冷(leng)(leng)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)可快速降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)溫(wen)(wen)且容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)周圍環境(jing)溫(wen)(wen)度均(jun)勻降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)低的(de)(de)情況下(xia)依然可能(neng)(neng)發(fa)生(sheng)熱(re)水(shui)(shui)(shui)比(bi)冷(leng)(leng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)先(xian)結(jie)(jie)(jie)冰,而在制冷(leng)(leng)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)溫(wen)(wen)較慢或在降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)溫(wen)(wen)過程中(zhong)多(duo)次中(zhong)斷降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)溫(wen)(wen)又重(zhong)啟降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)溫(wen)(wen)的(de)(de)情況下(xia)更(geng)多(duo)發(fa)生(sheng)的(de)(de)是(shi)熱(re)水(shui)(shui)(shui)比(bi)冷(leng)(leng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)后結(jie)(jie)(jie)冰。這個實驗證明(ming)熱(re)水(shui)(shui)(shui)比(bi)冷(leng)(leng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)先(xian)結(jie)(jie)(jie)冰不是(shi)由對流(liu)所決定,但實驗結(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)受到制冷(leng)(leng)環境(jing)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)溫(wen)(wen)速度的(de)(de)影響。
再在(zai)(zai)(zai)不(bu)(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)條件下做凍(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)對(dui)(dui)比(bi)(bi)實驗。可(ke)(ke)發(fa)現(xian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)制(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)效(xiao)(xiao)果弱而(er)(er)降(jiang)(jiang)溫(wen)(wen)緩慢(man)(man)(man)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況下容(rong)易(yi)發(fa)生熱水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)比(bi)(bi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)后結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)冰(bing)(bing),在(zai)(zai)(zai)制(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)效(xiao)(xiao)果強(qiang)而(er)(er)降(jiang)(jiang)溫(wen)(wen)快的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況下容(rong)易(yi)發(fa)生熱水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)比(bi)(bi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)先結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)冰(bing)(bing),且降(jiang)(jiang)溫(wen)(wen)越(yue)快則(ze)熱水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)比(bi)(bi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)先結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)冰(bing)(bing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)領先程度(du)(du)越(yue)明顯。再用高(gao)純凈(jing)度(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)制(zhi)(zhi)作在(zai)(zai)(zai)零(ling)攝氏(shi)度(du)(du)以(yi)下未(wei)凝(ning)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),可(ke)(ke)發(fa)現(xian)制(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)效(xiao)(xiao)果太強(qiang)降(jiang)(jiang)溫(wen)(wen)太快則(ze)不(bu)(bu)容(rong)易(yi)制(zhi)(zhi)得大(da)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)積(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)往往只能制(zhi)(zhi)得大(da)量冰(bing)(bing)塊,但(dan)降(jiang)(jiang)溫(wen)(wen)相對(dui)(dui)較(jiao)慢(man)(man)(man)時(shi)(shi)則(ze)可(ke)(ke)制(zhi)(zhi)得大(da)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)甚(shen)至滿容(rong)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)未(wei)凝(ning)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。據(ju)這些(xie)現(xian)象則(ze)可(ke)(ke)推(tui)測熱水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)比(bi)(bi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)先結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)冰(bing)(bing)應該與過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產生以(yi)及過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)被(bei)(bei)解(jie)(jie)(jie)除(chu)(chu)(chu)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)狀(zhuang)態(tai)而(er)(er)凍(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)有(you)關。大(da)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)積(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)受(shou)(shou)到(dao)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)物撞(zhuang)(zhuang)擊會迅速解(jie)(jie)(jie)除(chu)(chu)(chu)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)狀(zhuang)態(tai)立即凍(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)是容(rong)易(yi)觀(guan)察(cha)到(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)常識現(xian)象,而(er)(er)微(wei)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)積(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)受(shou)(shou)到(dao)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)物撞(zhuang)(zhuang)擊也會迅速解(jie)(jie)(jie)除(chu)(chu)(chu)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)狀(zhuang)態(tai)而(er)(er)立即凍(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie),飛(fei)機(ji)(ji)(ji)在(zai)(zai)(zai)含(han)有(you)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)云層中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)飛(fei)行時(shi)(shi),眾多的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)微(wei)小(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)滴(di)撞(zhuang)(zhuang)到(dao)飛(fei)機(ji)(ji)(ji)會立即在(zai)(zai)(zai)飛(fei)機(ji)(ji)(ji)表面(mian)凍(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)形成(cheng)冰(bing)(bing)殼,向過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)發(fa)射(she)高(gao)速運(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)物質微(wei)粒也可(ke)(ke)促進過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)解(jie)(jie)(jie)除(chu)(chu)(chu)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)狀(zhuang)態(tai)發(fa)生凍(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie),這些(xie)現(xian)象就是所謂(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“撞(zhuang)(zhuang)凍(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)”。在(zai)(zai)(zai)實際(ji)觀(guan)察(cha)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)還可(ke)(ke)發(fa)現(xian)大(da)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)積(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)在(zai)(zai)(zai)與其(qi)溫(wen)(wen)差很小(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)盛裝過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)壁上(shang)(shang)緩慢(man)(man)(man)流動(dong)(dong)時(shi)(shi)并不(bu)(bu)會立即凍(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie),但(dan)是過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)流到(dao)其(qi)它與其(qi)溫(wen)(wen)差較(jiao)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)上(shang)(shang)時(shi)(shi)更容(rong)易(yi)解(jie)(jie)(jie)除(chu)(chu)(chu)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)狀(zhuang)態(tai)而(er)(er)迅速凍(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie),在(zai)(zai)(zai)接(jie)觸到(dao)溫(wen)(wen)暖的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)手(shou)時(shi)(shi)可(ke)(ke)在(zai)(zai)(zai)人手(shou)上(shang)(shang)迅速凍(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)成(cheng)冰(bing)(bing)粘緊皮膚(fu)然(ran)后被(bei)(bei)手(shou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)暖所融(rong)化(hua)。根(gen)據(ju)這些(xie)現(xian)象進一步推(tui)測:當(dang)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)受(shou)(shou)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)部的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)強(qiang)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)影響而(er)(er)迅速降(jiang)(jiang)溫(wen)(wen)時(shi)(shi),水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)層不(bu)(bu)斷出現(xian)了微(wei)量得難(nan)以(yi)被(bei)(bei)現(xian)有(you)技(ji)術觀(guan)察(cha)到(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),而(er)(er)內部的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)與外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)層的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)差較(jiao)大(da)時(shi)(shi)比(bi)(bi)溫(wen)(wen)差較(jiao)小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)更容(rong)易(yi)讓過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)解(jie)(jie)(jie)除(chu)(chu)(chu)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)狀(zhuang)態(tai)而(er)(er)凍(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)。水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)在(zai)(zai)(zai)強(qiang)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)冰(bing)(bing)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)程是一個水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)液態(tai)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)層表面(mian)不(bu)(bu)斷出現(xian)微(wei)量過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)而(er)(er)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)又不(bu)(bu)斷被(bei)(bei)解(jie)(jie)(jie)除(chu)(chu)(chu)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)狀(zhuang)態(tai)而(er)(er)凍(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)使(shi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)從外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)到(dao)內逐漸(jian)凍(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)為固(gu)態(tai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)程,微(wei)觀(guan)尺度(du)(du)下水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)圍(wei)微(wei)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)分子受(shou)(shou)到(dao)做熱運(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)附近(jin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)分子的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)碰撞(zhuang)(zhuang)時(shi)(shi)相比(bi)(bi)較(jiao)于更大(da)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)積(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)受(shou)(shou)到(dao)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)物宏觀(guan)尺度(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)撞(zhuang)(zhuang)擊時(shi)(shi)可(ke)(ke)能有(you)著類似(si)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“撞(zhuang)(zhuang)凍(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)”效(xiao)(xiao)應,熱水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)比(bi)(bi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)分子的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)熱運(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)更為劇烈,當(dang)微(wei)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)產生時(shi)(shi),熱水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)分子對(dui)(dui)微(wei)量過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)碰撞(zhuang)(zhuang)更為強(qiang)烈就更快地使(shi)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)解(jie)(jie)(jie)除(chu)(chu)(chu)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)狀(zhuang)態(tai)而(er)(er)凍(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie),使(shi)強(qiang)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)熱水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)比(bi)(bi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)先完成(cheng)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)冰(bing)(bing)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)程。
根據上(shang)述(shu)推測還可(ke)推導出(chu)兩個應有現(xian)(xian)象:1、在降(jiang)溫緩慢(man)到(dao)(dao)致(zhi)使水體(ti)內層與(yu)外(wai)層的(de)溫差(cha)小到(dao)(dao)一(yi)定程度時,等質(zhi)量的(de)熱(re)水相(xiang)比于(yu)冷(leng)(leng)水只(zhi)能(neng)后完成結冰(bing)過程。2、在強(qiang)冷(leng)(leng)環境快(kuai)(kuai)速(su)降(jiang)溫時,對熱(re)水和冷(leng)(leng)水水體(ti)都(dou)采用強(qiang)烈擾動(dong)、強(qiang)超聲(sheng)波干(gan)擾等方(fang)法盡快(kuai)(kuai)解除降(jiang)溫過程產生的(de)可(ke)觀察(cha)到(dao)(dao)和觀察(cha)不到(dao)(dao)的(de)一(yi)切過冷(leng)(leng)水的(de)過冷(leng)(leng)狀態,則等質(zhi)量的(de)熱(re)水相(xiang)比于(yu)冷(leng)(leng)水只(zhi)能(neng)后完成結冰(bing)過程。做(zuo)實驗(yan)驗(yan)證這兩個現(xian)(xian)象是否成立就可(ke)驗(yan)證上(shang)述(shu)推測。